HESI Registered Nurse EXIT Practice Exam

Which of these clients in the terminal stage of cancer is least appropriate to suggest the use of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with a pump?

1. A young adult with a history of Down's syndrome

2. A teenager who reads at a 4th grade level

3. An elderly client with numerous arthritic nodules on the hands

4. A preschooler with intermittent episodes of alertness

The correct answer is: A preschooler with intermittent episodes of alertness

In assessing the appropriateness of using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for clients in the terminal stage of cancer, it is crucial to consider the client’s ability to understand and operate the PCA system effectively. The correct answer identifies the preschooler with intermittent episodes of alertness as the least appropriate candidate for PCA. PCA requires a certain level of cognitive ability and dexterity to manipulate the pump and understand how it works, including when and how to activate it to manage pain. A preschooler may not have the developmental maturity needed to comprehend the use of a PCA pump effectively, nor the motor skills to operate it safely and accurately. Additionally, the intermittent episodes of alertness could further complicate their ability to respond appropriately to pain management needs, raising the risk of either under-treatment or overdose. In contrast, the other clients have various factors that might allow them to use PCA more effectively. The young adult with Down's syndrome may have significant variability in cognitive functioning, but if they have the necessary training and support, they could potentially learn to use PCA with proper assistance. The teenager, despite reading at a 4th grade level, may possess enough understanding of the PCA system to use it, especially with guidance. The elderly client, even with arth