HESI Registered Nurse EXIT Practice Exam

Which long-term consequence can result from uncontrolled airway inflammation in an asthma patient?

1. Degeneration of the alveoli

2. Chronic broncho constriction of the large airways

3. Lung remodeling and permanent changes in lung function

4. Frequent pneumonia

The correct answer is: Lung remodeling and permanent changes in lung function

The long-term consequence of uncontrolled airway inflammation in an asthma patient leading to lung remodeling and permanent changes in lung function is a significant concern. Chronic airway inflammation can cause structural changes within the lungs, a process known as airway remodeling. This includes thickening of the airway walls, increased airway hyperresponsiveness, and changes in the extracellular matrix. These alterations can result in persistent narrowing of the airways and decreased lung function over time, making asthma management increasingly difficult and leading to a more severe form of the disease. In contrast, while degeneration of the alveoli, chronic bronchoconstriction of the large airways, and frequent pneumonia may occur in respiratory conditions, they are not direct consequences of long-term uncontrolled airway inflammation specific to asthma. Degeneration of the alveoli is more characteristic of conditions such as emphysema. Chronic broncho constriction typically refers to acute exacerbations rather than a permanent change, and frequent pneumonia would suggest an increased susceptibility due to factors other than inflammation alone, such as immune system compromise or poor airway clearance. Therefore, the most appropriate long-term consequence of persistent uncontrolled airway inflammation in asthma is indeed lung remodeling and the resulting permanent changes in lung function.