HESI Registered Nurse EXIT Practice Exam

What is a potential consequence of untreated ascites in a patient with liver failure?

1. Increased risk of infection

2. Improved liver function

3. Normal fluid balance

4. Decreased abdominal pressure

The correct answer is: Increased risk of infection

In the context of liver failure, untreated ascites can lead to a range of complications, one of the most significant being an increased risk of infection. Ascites occurs when fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity, which not only creates an environment conducive to bacterial growth but may also lead to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), a serious and potentially life-threatening infection. Patients with liver failure have compromised immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections. The presence of excess fluid can impair the function of immune cells and create a barrier to effective immune response. Therefore, without appropriate management, patients with ascites are at a higher risk for developing infections, which can complicate their overall health status and lead to further deterioration. While improved liver function and normal fluid balance would be highly desirable outcomes, they are unlikely to occur as a result of untreated ascites. The situation would more likely exacerbate the patient's liver condition than lead to any improvements. Similarly, decreased abdominal pressure would not result from untreated ascites; rather, the excess fluid would contribute to increased pressure within the abdominal cavity and potentially lead to discomfort and other complications.