HESI Registered Nurse EXIT Practice Exam

What dietary recommendation is typically given for patients with renal dysfunction?

1. Increase protein consumption

2. Avoid foods high in potassium

3. Include plenty of dairy products

4. Limit total fluid intake

The correct answer is: Avoid foods high in potassium

For patients with renal dysfunction, avoiding foods high in potassium is crucial due to the kidneys’ reduced ability to excrete potassium efficiently. When renal function declines, this can lead to hyperkalemia, which can cause serious cardiovascular issues, including arrhythmias. Potassium is abundant in many fruits, vegetables, and certain dairy products, so dietary recommendations often emphasize limiting these foods to maintain safe potassium levels. Managing potassium intake helps protect heart health and maintain proper muscle function. Therefore, monitoring and controlling potassium intake becomes an essential part of dietary management for individuals with compromised kidney function. This is especially important because as renal dysfunction progresses, potassium regulation becomes even more challenging, necessitating stricter dietary modifications.